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Abrüstung der Chemiewaffen: UN-Sicherheitsrat verabschiedet Syrien-Resolution / UN Security Council agrees to rid Syria of chemical weapons

Kein Automatismus zur Gewaltanwendung - Chinesischer Außenminister fordert einen Waffenstillstand / Weiter drohende Töne aus Paris und Washington *

Am späten Abend des 27. September 2013 hat der UN-Sicherheitsrat nach langwierigen Verhandlungen eine Resolution zum Syrien-Konflikt verabschiedet. Sie trägt die Nummer 2118 (2013). Das Gremium nahm in New York einstimmig einen Kompromisstext an, der die Giftgasangriffe in Syrien verurteilt und die Vernichtung der syrischen Chemiewaffen innerhalb von 9 Monaten durchsetzen soll.



UN-Generalsekretär Ban Ki Moon sprach von einer "historischen" Resolution. Die Verabschiedung des Textes sei die "erste hoffnungsfrohe Nachricht zu Syrien in einer langen Zeit", sagte Ban. Frankreichs Außenminister Laurent Fabius sagte: "Endlich verdient der Sicherheitsrat seinen Namen." Die harte Haltung der USA und Frankreichs habe sich ausgezahlt. Beide Staaten hatten mit Militärangriffen gegen Syrien gedroht. Fabius fügte hinzu, die Resolution sei "nur eine erste Etappe", denn Damaskus sei nicht zu trauen.

US-Außenminister John Kerry stieß in dasselbe Horn und drohte mit "Konsequenzen", falls Damaskus seinen Verpflichtungen nicht nachkomme.

Syriens UN-Botschafter Baschar Dschaafari begrüßte die Resolution und betonte noch einmal die Bereitschaft seiner Regierung zur vollständigen Abgabe und Vernichtung seiner Chemiewaffen. Dschaafari kritisierte aber, dass Fabius am 26. September bei der UNO Vertreter der syrischen Opposition getroffen hatte. Er verwies darauf, dass die Resolution Frankreich untersage, "zur Gewalt in Syrien anzustacheln".

Die nun verabschiedete Resolution ermöglicht Strafmaßnahmen, sollte Damaskus nicht kooperieren. Allerdings gibt es dafür auf Druck Russlands keinen Automatismus, sondern es muss gesondert abgestimmt werden. Russland und China könnten dagegen also immer noch ihr Veto einlegen. Der russische Außenminister Sergej Lawrow erklärte, Verstöße von Assad müssten "zu 100 Prozent" bewiesen werden. Außerdem wies er darauf hin, dass die Resolution ebenso für die Rebellen gelte.

Aus den Reihen der Opposition kam Kritik. Die Resolution würde nicht weit genug gehen.

Dagegen hat US-Präsident Barack Obama die Annahme der UN-Resolution als einen "Sieg der internationalen Gemeinschaft" bezeichnet. "Die Aussichten für das, was erreicht werden kann, erfüllen mich mit Hoffnung", sagte er. Zugleich äußerte er "Besorgnis" darüber, "wie die C-Waffen aus Syrien abgezogen werden könnten". "Diese verbindliche Resolution wird das Assad-Regime dazu zwingen, seine Verpflichtungen zu erfüllen. Widrigenfalls wird es mit Folgen konfrontiert", betonte Obama. "Wir müssen zwar vorsichtig voranschreiten, dies kann aber ein wichtiger Sieg für die internationale Völkergemeinschaft sein."

Ban Ki-moon kündigte an, dass die seit langem geplante zweite Syrien-Konferenz nun Mitte November stattfinden soll. Darauf einigte er sich bei einem Treffen mit den Außenministern der fünf ständigen Sicherheitsratsmitglieder USA, Russland, China, Frankreich und Großbritannien. Bei einer ersten Konferenz im Juni 2012 in Genf war unter anderem die Schaffung einer Übergangsregierung in Syrien vereinbart worden. Die Konfliktparteien setzten das Abkommen aber nie um. Die Opposition hatte sich stets geweigert, an einer solchen Konferenz teilzunehmen - es sei denn, die Assad-Regierung würde vorher abdanken.

Nachrichtenagenturen, Samstag, 28. September 2013


UN Security Council agrees to rid Syria of chemical weapons, endorses peace process

27 September 2013 – In the wake of an August chemical attack in Syria which a United Nations team later confirmed had killed hundreds of civilians, the Security Council on Friday called for the elimination of the country’s chemical weapons, while endorsing a diplomatic plan for Syrian-led negotiations toward peace.

Through the unanimous adoption of resolution 2118 (2013), the Council called for the speedy implementation of procedures drawn up by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) “for the expeditious destruction of the Syrian Arab Republic’s chemical weapons programme and stringent verification thereof.”

In the text, the Council underscored “that no party in Syria should use, develop, produce, acquire, stockpile, retain, or transfer chemical weapons.”

Defiance of the resolution, including unauthorized transfer of chemical weapons, or any use of chemical weapons by anyone in Syria, would bring about measures under the UN Charter’s binding Chapter VII, which can include sanctions or stronger coercive action, the Council said.

The 15-member body added that it would work with the OPCW in deploying a chemical weapons “monitoring and destruction team” – expecting the full cooperation of the Syrian Government – and it appealed to UN Member States for support, including personnel, expertise, funding and equipment.

It also authorized Member States to acquire, control, transport, transfer and destroy chemical weapons identified by the Director-General of the OPCW, in a way consistent with the Chemical Weapons Convention and the interest of non-proliferation.

“Today’s historic resolution is the first hopeful news on Syria in a long time,” Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the Council following the adoption. “For many months, I have said that the confirmed use of chemical weapons in Syria would require a firm, united response.

“Tonight, the international community has delivered,” he stated.

“As we mark this important step, we must never forget that the catalogue of horrors in Syria continues with bombs and tanks, grenades and guns,” Mr. Ban added. “A red light for one form of weapons does not mean a green light for others. This is not a license to kill with conventional weapons. All the violence must end. All the guns must fall silent.”

Earlier today, Mr. Ban’s spokesperson said that the UN team led by Swedish scientist ?ke Sellström has been able to resume its fact-finding activities related to all pending credible allegations of chemical weapons use, following its return to Syria this week.

Those allegations include, he said, the 19 March incident at Khan al-Asal, reported first by Syria and subsequently by other Member States. As previously agreed with Syria, the other allegations to be investigated include the 13 April incident at Sheikh Maqsud, reported by the United States, and the 29 April incident at Saraqueb, reported by France and the United Kingdom.

In addition, he said, the mission has continued to follow-up with the Government of Syria and to evaluate information it has provided on three additional allegations, including the incidents at Bahhariyeh on 22 August, at Jobar on 24 August, and at Sahnaya on 25 August.

The team, assisted by experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the OPCW, visited the country last month and found “clear and convincing evidence” that Sarin gas was used in an incident that occurred on 21 August in the Ghouta area on the outskirts of Damascus in which hundreds of people were reportedly killed.

Under the General Assembly-approved guidelines, the spokesperson recalled, the mission is obliged to evaluate all available information related to all allegations reported by Member States, for the purpose of preparing its final report.

Also in today’s resolution, the Council endorsed a plan for a Syrian-led process, with participation of all parties, to end the conflict, which has claimed over 100,000 lives since it began in March 2011 and has led to over 2 million people fleeing the country, with some 4 million internally displaced.

It also called for convening, as soon as possible, an international peace conference that is fully representative of the Syrian people.

Speaking to reporters after the meeting, Mr. Ban said the aim is to hold the conference in mid-November. “The United Nations is ready to host Geneva II. It is time for the parties to focus on how to build the peaceful, democratic future Syria needs. All those with influence on the parties must use that influence now. It is crucial to keep up the momentum.

“Today can and must be a stepping stone to peace.”

UN News Centre, 28. Sepember 2013; http://www.un.org


Lawrow über Syrien-Resolution: Kein Automatismus hinsichtlich Zwangsmaßnahmen bei C-Waffen-Abbau

Die vom UN-Sicherheitsrat beschlossene Resolution zu chemischen Waffen in Syrien lässt keine automatische Anwendung von Zwangsnahmen zu, wie der russische Außenminister Sergej Lawrow am Samstag nach der Abstimmung im Sicherheitsrat sagte.

„Die Resolution fällt nicht unter Kapitel 7 der UN-Charta und lässt keinen Automatismus bei der Anwendung von Zwangsmaßnahmen zu“, so Lawrow. Laut dem Minister wird in dem Dokument die Vereinbarung von Russland und den USA darüber bekräftigt, dass Verstöße gegen die Resolution ebenso wie die Anwendung chemischer Waffen durch wen auch immer vom UN-Sicherheitsrat sorgfältig geprüft werden müssen, der nach Kapitel 7 der UN-Charta je nach Schwere der Rechtsverstöße verfahren solle.

Russische Nachrichtenagentur RIA Novosti, Samstag, 28. September 2013


China welcomes adoption of Security Council resolution on Syria

China has welcomed the adoption of a UN Security Council resolution on Syria, saying it reflected the unity of the council.

"We are heartened to see that the Security Council has just unanimously adopted Resolution 2118, bringing the Syrian situation back to the track of peace from the verge of war and presenting a new opportunity for seeking a political settlement of the Syrian issue," Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told the council after the vote.

"This is the first time that the Security Council has taken a joint major action on the Syrian issue in more than one year," he said.

"In dealing with the Syrian issue, the Security Council must bear in mind the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, act with a sense of responsibility to the Syrian people, the world and history, and ensure that any decision it takes can stand the test of history," he said.

Wang said China welcomed the fact that the Syrian government joined the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) not long ago.

"Resolution 2118 has set out the overall objective of the destruction of chemical weapons in Syria and the roadmap for the follow-up work," he said.

"We hope that the relevant parties will stay in close cooperation, fulfil their respective responsibilities and implement the OPCW decision and Security Council resolution in a comprehensive and accurate manner so as to eventually achieve a proper settlement of the issue of chemical weapons in Syria," Wang said.

The top Chinese diplomat said neither Syria nor the Middle East region could afford another war, and political settlement was the only way out of the crisis.

He urged a cease-fire and cessation of violence in Syria as soon as possible, as well as efforts to put an end to the crisis through dialogue and to rebuild homes for Syrian people.

China hoped the international community would build consensus and promote the early convening of the Geneva II conference, he said.

As a permanent member of the Security Council, China stood ready to work with all parties and make unremitting efforts for comprehensive, proper and long-term settlement of the Syrian issue, he said.

China Daily Africa, 28 September 2013; http://africa.chinadaily.com.cn


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